Cross-stitch is one of the oldest forms of embroidery and can be found all over the world. Many folk museums show examples of clothing decorated with cross-stitch, especially from continental Europe and Asia.  Cross stitch was also used to embellish household items using geometric and floral patterns still found in pattern books to this day. But cross stitch really came into its own with the working of samplers.

Before pattern books became so readily available, stitchers would detail samples of their favorite stitches and patterns on long strips of narrow cloth.  The strips of cloth became known as "samplers" and were not intended for display, but were rolled up and kept in a drawer until needed for reference. They became family assets. Often, an intricate stitch would be worked next to the stages used to compose the stitch. Early samplers were often completely covered with examples of stitches and patterns, showing the stitcher's need to make good use of every bit of her precious linen.

In the United States, the earliest known cross-stitch sampler is currently housed at Pilgrim Hall in Plymouth, Massachusetts.  The sampler was created by Loara Standish, the daughter of Captain Myles Standish, circa 1653.  At right is a picture of Loara's sampler.